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Innovation and entrepreneurship training through higher education sector is an important way to foster innovative talents and enhance their social adaptation abilities. We reformed and optimized the experimental teaching of human anatomy and animal physiology with the aim to promote the integration of students' theory learning with practice, to promote students' ability to apply anatomical and physiological knowledge to medicine, pharmacy, and life practice. Last but not least, students' innovative consciousness of applying scientific research to serve the society could also be enhanced. These practices would enhance the practical ability of the students through integrating the innovation education and professional education.
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Animals , Humans , Curriculum , StudentsABSTRACT
Institutions of higher learning undertake the important responsibility of personnel training. Teaching and scientific research are two indispensable functions of colleges and universities, and the relationship between them is unbalanced and low integration in the current education and teaching. According to the existing problems in the experimental course of human anatomy and animal physiology, we explored how to apply the ideological and political education of scientific research to improve students' cognitive ability, develop experimental projects combined with scientific research practice, and strengthen the combination of classroom teaching and scientific research practice, aiming to establish the basic concept of the integration of science and education. These are favorable for the realization of the training goal of high-quality innovative talents.
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Animals , Humans , Curriculum , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Objective:To characterize the radial head fracture combined with capitulum cartilage injury (CCI).Methods:The data of 110 patients were analyzed retrospectively who had been treated for radial head fracture at Department of Orthopaedics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Wuxi from January 2011 to May 2020. They were 62 males and 48 females, aged from 17 to 74 years (average, 44.10 years). According to the finding of intraoperative exploration whether CCI was complicated or not, they were assigned into a CCI group and a CCI-free group. The diagnosis, location, size, type, operation method and postoperative recovery of CCI were observed in CCI group. The 2 groups were compared in terms of preoperative general data, range of forearm motion before and after operation and functional recovery of the limb by Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).Results:CCI was complicated in 25 cases (type Ⅰ in 7 ones, type Ⅱ in 12 ones and type Ⅲ in 6 ones), involving all Mason types of radial head fracture, and located at the lateral capitellum in 13 cases, at the posterolateral capitellum in 9 cases and at the anterolateral capitellum in 3 cases. CCI was diagnosed before operation in 13 cases by physical examination after local anesthesia and imaging examination with a rate of 48% (12/25) for missed diagnosis. The preoperative flexion and extension (61.8°±13.7°) and rotation (60.0°±24.2°) in CCI group were significantly less than those in CCI-free group (77.7°±23.0° and 79.9°±21.9°) ( P<0.05); the Mason types of radial head fracture in CCI group were significantly more serious than those in CCI-free group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, gender, combined injury, treatment of radial head fracture, follow-up time, range of forearm motion at the last follow-up or MEPS score ( P>0.05). Conclusions:CCI was complicated in 22.73%(25/110) of the radial head fractures in this cohort and found in all Mason types of radial head fracture, and mostly located at the lateral and posterolateral capitellum. CCI is likely to be missed by imaging examination. In patients with mild radial head fracture and suspected CCI, positive physical examination after local anesthesia is valuable for diagnosis of CCI complication and operative indication. Care should be taken to detect CCI complication by intraoperative exploration in surgery of radial head fracture.
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BACKGROUND:Tibial plateau fracture wil inhibit the normal function of the knee joint, and severely damage lower extremity function. Early diagnostic measures play a key role in prognosis. Previous studies mainly focused on multislice spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction for diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures, but it is rare to compare diagnostic results and X-ray inspection methods. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the application effect of 64-row spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction in the repair, diagnosis and treatment of tibial plateau fractures, and compare with diagnostic outcomes of traditional X-ray. METHODS:A total of 30 patients with tibial plateau fractures were selected from Ninth People’s Hospital of Wuxi City from October 2012 to October 2013. Patients were subjected to 64-row spiral CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction and X-ray plain film inspection. The inspection results were analyzed and compared. CT scanning used GE64 row spiral CT. Scanning range was the proximal tibia. Spacing of reconstruction was 1 mm. After completing the scan, data were uploaded to a working platform, and image reconstruction was completed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through 64-row spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction, the degree of tibial plateau fractures, colapse, broken bones and displacement were clearly shown. According to the HOHI classification method: eight cases were type I, seven cases were type II, four cases were type III, five cases were type IV, three cases were type V, and three cases were type VI. The diagnosis rate was 100%. X-ray results showed that 25 cases were diagnosed, 3 cases were suspected diagnosis, 2 cases could not be confirmed. The diagnosis rate was 83%. Significant differences in the diagnosis rate were detectable between the two methods (P < 0.05). After surgical treatment, good clinical effects were found in patients. The excelent and good rate was 93%. These data suggested that 64-row spiral CT three- dimensional reconstruction has important application value in the diagnosis and treatment of tibial plateau fractures, can clearly show the characteristics of the anatomical morphology of fracture of tibial plateau, and provide important evidence for elevating repair effect.
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BACKGROUND:The aquaporin (AQP), mainly AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9, are expressed in mammalian brain, while the others are sporadical y expressed. There is no evidence concerning the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in the brain. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the research progress of the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in maintaining normal physiological function of the brain. METHODS:An online retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1980 and July 2013 was performed for articles on the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP, with the key words of“AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism”in English and Chinese. A total of 163 papers were screened out and 85 of them met the inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The existing studies about the expression, function and regulating mechanism of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain can be summarized as the fol owing three aspects: (1) AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid;in other types of cells, gas micromolecules CO 2 , NO, NH 3 and O 2 also cross through AQP1. (2) AQP4 is mainly expressed in the astrocytes, ependymal foot process and gelatin membranes, which can help the water in and out of the brain tissue, accelerate glial cellmigration and change neural activity. (3) AQP9 is mainly distributed in astrocytes and catecholamine neurons, the main function is involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Therefore, AQP is the key for water transport in the brain. Understanding the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP wil play an important role in the treatment of brain diseases. The regulatory mechanism on the expression of AQPs in normal pathology and related disease remains unclear and related molecular signal pathway needs further exploration.
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This study examined the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) and minocycline postconditioning (MT) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in atherosclerosis (AS) animals and the possible mechanism. Forty male healthy rabbits were injected with bovine serum albumin following feeding on a high fat diet for 6 weeks to establish AS model. AS rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) I/R group, the rabbits were subjected to myocardial ischemia for 35 min and then reperfusion for 12 h; (2) IPoC group, the myocardial ischemia lasted for 35 min, and then reperfusion for 20 s and ischemia for 20 s [a total of 3 cycles (R20s/I20s×3)], and then reperfusion was sustained for 12 h; (3) MT group, minocycline was intravenously injected 10 min before reperfusion. The blood lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), soluble cell adhesion molecule (sICAM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were biochemically determined. The myocardial infarction size (IS) and apoptosis index (AI) were measured by pathological examination. The expression of bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected in the myocardial tissue by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the AS models were successfully established. The myocardial IS, the plasma levels of MDA, sICAM, MPO and cTnT, and the enzymatic activity of MPO were significantly decreased, and the plasma SOD activity was significantly increased in IPoC group and MT group as compared with I/R group (P<0.05 for all). The myocardial AI and the caspase-3 mRNA expression were lower and the bcl-2 mRNA expression was higher in IPoC and MT groups than those in I/R group (all P<0.05). It is concluded that the IPoC and MT can effectively reduce the I/R injury in the AS rabbits, and the mechanisms involved anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, up-regulation of bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of caspase-3 expression. Minocycline can be used as an effective pharmacologic postconditioning drug to protect myocardia from I/R injury.
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Mounting evidence supports that a newly identified regulatory T cell (Treg), CD4(+)LAP(+) Treg, is associated with oral tolerance induction and following inhibition of atherosclerosis, but little is described about whether nasal tolerance to antigen likewise induces the novel Tregs production and the relevant antiatherosclerotic benefit. We investigated the effect of nasal administration of heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) on atherogenesis. HSP60 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was nasally administered to six-week-old male ApoE(-/-) mice. At the 10th week after the nasal administration, there was a significant decrease in atherosclerotic plaque areas of aortic roots in the HSP60-treated mice as compared with those in the PBS-treated mice. Atherosclerosis suppression was accompanied with a significant increase in CD4(+)LAP(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and a concurrently increased production of TGF-β in the HSP60-treated mice. The protective effect of HSP60 was offset by injection of anti-TGF-β antibody. It is concluded that nasal administration of HSP60 can inhibit atherosclerotic formation through immune tolerance which is established by Tregs depending on the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. Immune tolerance induced by nasal administration of HSP60 may provide an alternative therapeutic method for atherosclerosis.
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This study examined the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) and minocycline postconditioning (MT) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in atherosclerosis (AS) animals and the possible mechanism. Forty male healthy rabbits were injected with bovine serum albumin following feeding on a high fat diet for 6 weeks to establish AS model. AS rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) I/R group, the rabbits were subjected to myocardial ischemia for 35 min and then reperfusion for 12 h; (2) IPoC group, the myocardial ischemia lasted for 35 min, and then reperfusion for 20 s and ischemia for 20 s [a total of 3 cycles (R20s/I20s×3)], and then reperfusion was sustained for 12 h; (3) MT group, minocycline was intravenously injected 10 min before reperfusion. The blood lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), soluble cell adhesion molecule (sICAM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were biochemically determined. The myocardial infarction size (IS) and apoptosis index (AI) were measured by pathological examination. The expression of bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected in the myocardial tissue by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the AS models were successfully established. The myocardial IS, the plasma levels of MDA, sICAM, MPO and cTnT, and the enzymatic activity of MPO were significantly decreased, and the plasma SOD activity was significantly increased in IPoC group and MT group as compared with I/R group (P<0.05 for all). The myocardial AI and the caspase-3 mRNA expression were lower and the bcl-2 mRNA expression was higher in IPoC and MT groups than those in I/R group (all P<0.05). It is concluded that the IPoC and MT can effectively reduce the I/R injury in the AS rabbits, and the mechanisms involved anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, up-regulation of bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of caspase-3 expression. Minocycline can be used as an effective pharmacologic postconditioning drug to protect myocardia from I/R injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Atherosclerosis , Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial , Methods , Minocycline , Pharmacology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of yam polysaccharide for the diabetic mice. Methods Ninty mice were randomly divided into three groups ,yam polysaccharide group(n = 30), glibenclamide group (n = 30) and control group(n = 30). Mice were Intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200mg/kg) to establish diabetic model. Yam polysaccharide group was administered yam polysaccharide for 12d. Results Yam polysaccharide significantly decreased the blood sugar of the diabetic mice. There were not significantly different in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Yam polysaccharide had obvious role in decreasing blood glucose.
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Autoimmune is involved in the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the present study, we investigated the effect of anti-cardiac myosin heavy chain antibodies (AMHCA) from patients with AMI on rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed and measured by DNA end labeling and Annexin-V/PI double-staining assay. The expression of apoptosis related p53 and Bcl-2 protein and the second messenger calcium were detected respectively by Western blotting, patch clamp and confocal calcium imaging. The results showed that AMHCA was able to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis-accelerating nucleoprotein p53 was up-regulated, while apoptosis-inhibiting cytoplasmic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated. In parallel, cytoplasmic calcium concentration was elevated. There was no effect on L-type calcium currents. It is concluded that AMHCA in patients with AMI as a novel triggering factor can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which contributes to ventricular remodeling.
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Microthrombosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac microangiopathy due to diabetes. Recent studies have shown that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) plays a pivotal role in microthrombosis in viral hepatitis, acute vascular xenograft rejection and cytokine-induced fetal loss syndrome. The current study was designed to examine the expression of fgl2 in microvascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of microthrombi due to fgl2 on cardiac function and structure in rats with type 2 diabetes. Following induction of type 2 diabetes, 24 rats were observed dynamically. Fgl2 expression and related cardiac microthrombosis were examined. Local or circulating TNF-α was measured. Coronary flow (CF) per min was calculated as an index of cardiac microcirculation. Cardiac function and morphology were evaluated. It was found that Fgl2 was highly expressed in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of rats with type 2 diabetes, which was promoted by local or circulating TNF-α. The Fgl2 expression was associated with cardiac hyaline microthrombosis. In parallel with the fgl2 expression, CF per min, cardiac diastolic or systolic function and cardiac morphology were aggravated to some extent. It was concluded that in rats with type 2 diabetes, microthrombosis due to fgl2 contributes to the impairment of cardiac diastolic or systolic function and morphological changes.
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To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein I a (GP I a) gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) before and after the administration of aspirin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function: an aspirin resistant (AR) group, an aspirin semi-responder (ASR) group and an aspirin-sensitive (AS) group. Platelet GP I a gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results showed that T allelic frequency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group (P<0.005), and the prevalence of genotypes (TT+TC) of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group (P<0.05). Platelet GP I a T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 2.87-9.58). The results suggest that inherited platelet GP I a variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GP I a T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.
Subject(s)
Aspirin/administration & dosage , Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Atherosclerosis/genetics , Drug Resistance/genetics , Integrin alpha2/genetics , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Polymorphism, Genetic/geneticsABSTRACT
To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane gly- coprotein Ⅰa (GPⅠa) gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) before and after the administration of aspi- fin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function: an aspirin resistant (AR) group, an aspirin semi-responder (ASR) group and an aspi- fin-sensitive (AS) group. Platelet GPⅠa gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of po- lymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results showed that T allelic fre- quency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group (P<0.005), and the prevalence of genotypes (TT+TC) of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group (P<0.05). Platelet GPⅠa T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 2.87-9.58). The results suggest that inherited platelet GPⅠa variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GPⅠa T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.
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In order to explore the value of p63, smoothmuscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) in the differential diagnosis of ductal lesions of breast, 88 tissue specimens of ductal lesions of breast were collected and examined histologically by HE staining. By using immunohistochemistry, the expression of p63, alpha-SMA and CK5/6 was detected. The results showed that in 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the proliferating cells were all positive for p63 and alpha-SMA. In 19 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 7 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma, alpha-SMA positive cells formed a layer of continuous embroider-shaped structure and the p63 positive cells formed a layer of evenly separated embroider-shaped structure around the ducts. There was no cross-reaction between p63 and interstitial myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. In 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the positive rate of CK5/6 expression was 100%. In 5 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, there were few positive cells in the ducts. In 19 cases of CDIS, no tumor cells expressed CK5/6. In 19 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, almost no CK5/6 was detectable. It was suggested that p63 could serve as a novel specific marker for the identification of breast myoepithelial cells. CK5/6 is of value in differentiating ductal proliferation of varying degrees, especially in the differentiation between cancerous and non-cancerous changes. Simultaneous detection of p63, CK5/6 and alpha-SMA can help increase the diagnostic accuracy of breast diseases.
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In order to explore the value of p63, smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cytokeratin 5/6(CK5/6) in the differential diagnosis of ductal lesions of breast, 88 tissue specimens of ductal lesions of breast were collected and examined histologically by HE staining. By using immunohistochemistry,the expression of p63, α-SMA and CK5/6 was detected. The results showed that in 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the proliferating cells were all positive for p63 and α-SMA. In 19 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 7 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma, α-SMA positive cells formed a layer of continuous embroider-shaped structure and the p63 positive cells formed a layer of evenly separated embroider-shaped structure around the ducts. There was no cross-reaction between p63 and interstitial myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. In 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the positive rate of CK5/6 expression was 100 %. In 5 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, there were few positive cells in the ducts. In 19 cases of CDIS, no tumor cells expressed CK5/6. In 19 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, almost no CK5/6 was detectable. It was suggested that p63 could serve as a novel specific marker for the identification of breast myoepithelial cells. CK5/6 is of value in differentiating ductal proliferation of varying degrees, especially in the differentiation between cancerous and non-cancerous changes. Simultaneous detection of p63, CK5/6 and α-SMA can help increase the diagnostic accuracy of breast diseases.